精准癌症医疗及靶向药物.docVIP

精准医疗，是如何精准治疗癌症的？ 精准医疗，是通过检测癌症患者的DNA基因信息，来诊断或治疗患者的疾病。癌症是基因组疾病，在我们越来越多的了解癌症后，我们发现，每个肿瘤有自己独特的基因图。针对每位患者的基因图谱，了解癌细胞内的遗传改变，是更有效的治疗癌症方式。 癌症基因组学旨在推进个性化医疗，通过病人肿瘤的DNA测序和分析，发现新的遗传改变（基因变异）与特定癌症之间的相关性。利用研究人员提供的癌症主要类型和亚型基因组变化综合数据，将更有效的研究开发出预防、诊断和治疗癌症的方法。 肿瘤基因测序很早就已经被利用到一些新的癌症治疗方法中。例如，药物伊马替尼imatinib(格列卫Gleevec)，旨在抑制慢性粒白血病患者的融合基因变异。乳腺癌药物曲妥珠单抗trastuzumab（赫赛汀Herceptin），只适用于HER2阳性患者。 研究还发现，药物吉非替尼gefitinib（易瑞沙Iressa）和厄洛替尼erlotinib（特罗凯Tarceva），能够抑制肺癌患者表皮生长因子(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶胞内磷酸化。另一方面，结直肠癌KRAS基因突变患者，受益于靶向治疗药物西妥昔单抗cetuximab (爱必妥Erbitux)和帕尼单抗panitumumab (维克替比Vectibix)。 目前，精准医疗项目已经得到全世界的关注，并很大程度上推动了癌症的有效治疗策略，是目前最有效的，独特的个性化医疗。 Impact of Cancer Genomics on Precision Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer Precision medicine is a phrase that is often used to describe how genetic information about a person’s disease is being used to diagnose or treat their disease. Cancer is a disease of the genome and as more is learned about cancer tumors, the more we are finding that each tumor has its own set of genetic changes. Understanding the genetic changes that are in cancer cells is leading to more effective treatment strategies that are tailored to the genetic profile of each patient’s cancer. Cancer genomics aims to advance personalized medicine through the DNA sequencing and analysis of patient tumors to find new genetic alterations associated with specific cancers. Providing researchers with comprehensive catalogs of the key genomic changes in many major types and subtypes of cancer will support advances in developing more effective ways to diagnose, treat and prevent cancer. Genomic information has already helped to shape the development and use of some of the newest cancer treatments. For example, the drug imatinib (Gleevec) was designed to inhibit an altered enzyme produced by a fused version of two genes found in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Another example is the breast cancer drug trastuzumab (Herceptin), which works only for women whose tumors have a particular genetic profile called HER-