药学英语第四版课后翻译.docVIP

Unit One A full appreciation of the physiology of a living organism must be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Anatomy does not merely study the separation of parts, but the accurate description of the morphologies and functions of different organs. Our daily food intake must match requirements and any excess must be excreted for balance to be maintained. The process of stabilization of the internal environment is called homeostasis and is essential if the cells of the body are to function normally. Human cells have the ability to break down large molecules to smaller ones to liberate sufficient energy for their activities. As long as normal conditions are maintained in this internal environment, the cells of the body continue to live and function properly. Unit Two Biochemistry asks how the thousands of different biomolecules interact with each other to confer the remarkable properties of living organisms. Enzymes are catalysts that accelerate the rates of biological reactions. Each enzyme is very specific in its foundation and acts only in a particular metabolic reaction. One of the most fruitful approaches to understand biological phenomena has been to purify an individual chemical component, such as protein, from a living organism and to characterize its chemical structure or catalytic activity. The chemical principles that govern the properties of biological molecules include the covalent bonding of carbon with itself and with other elements and the functional groups that appear in common biological molecules, etc. The basic unit of DNA is a linear polymer of four different monomeric subunits, deoxyribonucleotides, arranged in a precise linear sequence. Unit Four The science of the effects on the body is called pharmacology, and the scientists who study it are pharmacologists. Pharmacology is not a science that can be studied on its own, but that closely related to other branches of science. Pharmacologists should not only understand he normal p