physical properties (赵恒祯).ppt

赵恒祯 1 2 3 Mechanical Properties Optical Properties Thermal Properties CONTENTS Mechanical Properties Stress-Strain Properties in Tension σ p limit of proportionality σ e elastic limit σ s yield strength σ b tensile strength v Poissons ratio Q modulus component S compliance component ψ percent?reduction?in?area δ percent?elongation δ5 δ10 Fatigue When subjected to cyclic mechanical stresses, most materials fail at a stress considerably lower than that required to rupture in a single stress cycle. This is phenomenon is called fatigue. Results are reported as plots of stress versus number of cycles to fail. The number of cycles varies with different materials. e.g. steel:107 nonferrous metal:108 rupture [英][?r?pt??(r)][美][?r?pt??] n.断裂，破裂;?友好关系的决裂 nonferrous [英][n?nfer?s][美][n?nfer?s] adj.不含铁的，非铁的 fatigue testing machine Impact Impact strength of plastic is commonly measured by tests in which a pendulum after breaking the specimen can be calculated the energy required to cause the break. The specimen is often notched in an effort to improve the reproducibility of the mode failure. ?impact toughness: α KU =(GH1-GH2)/S*9.8 J/cm2 pendulum [英][?pendj?l?m][美][?pend??l?m] n.摆，钟摆 notch [英][n?t?][美][nɑ:t?] n.(V字形的)槽口;?刻痕;?? vt.砍，切;?在…上作刻痕、开槽口;?作刻痕计算;? reproducibility [英][r?pr?dju:s?b?l?t?][美][r?pr?dju:s?b?l?t?] n.重复能力，再现性;?可复演性;?可重现性;? Hardness Brienll hardenss tester As usually conceived, hardness is a composite property combining concepts of resistance to penetration, scratching, marring, and so on. Most hardness tests for plastics are based on resistance to penetration by an indentor pressed into the plastic under a constant load. Brienll hardenss HBS/HBW Rockwell hardness HRA/HRB/HRC Vickers hardness HV penetration [英][?pen??tre??n][美][?p?n??tre??n] n.渗透;?穿透;?[军]突破;?洞察力;? marring [英][mɑ:r??][美][mɑ:r??] v.毁坏，损坏，玷污( mar