语法精讲强化系列 4名词、副词与主谓一致.pptVIP

4. 名词、冠词和主谓一致;一、名　词 考点1　名词单复数　★★★★★ 1. 单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。 (1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时, 常在词尾加-s, 但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes。;但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es, 也可以加-s, 它们是: zeros(zeroes)零, mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos(volcanoes)火山。;(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时, 一般直接加-s, 但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉, 加-ves, 即selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves。 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves, 也可以直接加-s, 如handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕, scarfs(scarves)围巾。;(3)合成名词变成复数时, 通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数, 如果没有主体名词, 则将最后一部分变为复数。例如: sons-in-law女婿; passers-by过路人; story-tellers讲故事的人; grown-ups成年人; breakfasts早餐; housewives家庭主妇。;2. 只有复数形式的可数名词。 一些食物名词或表示一些成双成对的物品名称的名词通常用复数形式, 如noodles, snacks, jeans, earphones, trousers, clothes, pants, glasses, shoes, sunglasses, scissors, compasses等。这些名词可单独作主语, 此时谓语动词用复数形式; 也可用a pair of或pairs of修饰作主语, 此时谓语动词取决于pair的形式。;3. 有些名词在形式上虽是单数, 但常表示复数含义, 如people, police, cattle, staff, public, “the+ adj. ”(表示一类人)。 4. 对于集合名词, 当它表示一个整体时, 视作单数; 当它侧重各个成员时, 视作复数, 如family, class等。;5. 有些名词单复数同形, 如fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, series等。 6. 有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等, 如congratulations祝贺, regards问候, respects敬意, thanks谢谢, wishes祝愿等。;7. 表示一类事物总称的名词, 常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”, 如furniture, equipment, luggage, baggage, homework, information, progress, weather, wealth等。;8. 有些抽象名词或物质名词可以转化为可数名词;抽象名词;【典例剖析】单句填空 (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_________ (painting). ;解题关键: 句意强调“在如此多的中国绘画中”。painting意为“图片, 图画”, 是可数名词, 由于前有many, 故使用其复数形式。 答案判定: paintings;【高考题组】单句改错/填空 1. (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. (改错) __________;2. (2015·浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass. (改错) ____________ 3. (2015·陕西高考)Mum taught me some basic step of baking. (改错) ____________;4. (2014·全国卷Ⅰ)For most of us the _______ (change) are gradual and require a