地膜覆盖对玉米田间土壤含水率和地温变化的影响.PDF

玉米科 学2015，23(3)：91～98 JournalofMaizeSciences 文章编号：1005-0906(2015)03-0091-08 DOI:10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science 地膜覆盖对玉米田间土壤含水率和地温变化的影响 孙仕军，许志浩，张旭东，夏桂敏，迟道才 (沈阳农业大学水利学院，沈阳 110866) 摘 要：2013年5～10月在内蒙古阿荣旗进行大田玉米膜下滴灌试验，测定玉米苗期、拔节期、灌浆期及成熟 期不同深度土层土壤含水率和土壤温度，研究覆膜(滴灌)和裸地对玉米田间土壤含水率及土壤地温变化的影响。 结果表明，在玉米整个生育期，覆膜条件下0～60cm层土壤含水率高于常规裸地，玉米蜡熟期两种处理田间土壤含 水率变化不明显；玉米生育期内0～20cm层土壤平均含水率均高于播前土壤含水率，生育后期21～60cm土壤含水 率均低于播前土壤含水率。降雨对土壤温度的影响较为显著，雨后土壤表层温度急剧下降，25cm以下深层土壤温 度下降相对缓慢；地膜覆盖对玉米苗期和拔节期增温效果明显，平均增温2℃左右，对玉米生长发育有积极作用，灌 浆期及玉米生育后期覆膜增温作用不明显。 关键词：玉米；地膜覆盖；土壤含水率；土壤温度 中图分类号：S513.047 文献标识码：A EffectofFilmMulchingonSoilMoistureandSoilTemperaturein EasternInnerMongoliaRain-fedBlackSoilArea SUNShi-jun,XUZhi-hao,ZHANGXu-dong,XIAGui-min,CHIDao-cai (CollegeofWaterResources,ShenyangAgriculturalUniversity,Shenyang110866,China) Abstract:TheexperimentwasconductedinArongQicountyofInnerMongoliaAutonomousregionfromMay toOctober2013,andmaizevarietieswereseparatelyplantedatthesiteswithplasticfilmmulchingandwithout mulching.Thebasicexperimentalobjectivewastoexploretheeffectsofcoveringplasticfilm(withdripirrigationif necessary)onfieldsoilmoistureandtemperature.Thesoilmoistureandtemperatureindifferentsoilprofiledepth weremeasuredinthegerminationperiod,jointing,fillingandmaturityperiod.Theresultsshowedthat,throughout thewholegrowingperiodofmaize,underthetwoexperimentalprocessingmodes(withfilmmulchingandwithout mulching)soilmoisturedynamictrendswerebasicallyconsistent.Soilmoistureundercoveringconditionin0-60 cmsoillayerwashigherthanthatinbareground,whichdidntchangesignificantlyinmaizedoughstage.Theaver⁃ agesoilmoistureinsurfacesoillayer(0-20cm)washigherthanthatbeforesowing.Soilmoisturein21-60cmsoil layerwaslowerthanthebeforesowingi