氧化锌矿氨浸液电积锌工艺研究 - 有色金属（冶炼部分）.DOC

氧化锌矿氨浸液电积锌工艺研究 桑世华1,2，王渊1,2，胡咏霞1,2，唐明林1 (1.成都理工大学 材料与化学化工学院，成都 610059；2.矿产资源化学四川省高校重点验室，成都 610059) 摘要：研究了氨水体系浸出氧化锌矿制取金属锌的新工艺考察了温度、电流、异极距、锌质量浓度对电流效率的影响及添加剂对锌板质量的影响。氧化锌中的锌浸出率达98%在浸矿前用石灰水对矿粉进行预处理提高氨的有效利用率。最佳电积工艺条件为：温度2040 ℃、电流2.5 A异极距3.5 cm明胶、TP、TNB加入量分别为0.1 g/L、0.1 g/L、10 mg/L槽电压3.3 V电流效率94.33%，每吨锌耗电2 869 kWh，锌品位达99.58%。 关键词：氨；锌氨络合物；浸出；净化；电积中图分类号：TF81 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7545（201）0-0000-00 Study of Zinc Electrowinning of Ammonia Leaching Solution from Zinc Oxide Ore SANG Shi-hua1,2, WANG Yuan1,2, HU Yong-xia1,2, TANG Ming-lin1 (1. College of Materials and Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; 2. Mineral Resources Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions, Chengdu 610059, China) Abstract: A new process to produce zinc from ammonia leaching solution of zinc oxide ores was studied. The effects of temperature, electricity, electrode space, and zinc mass concentration on current efficiency, and the influence of additives on quality of zinc board were investigated. The results show that zinc leaching rate in zinc oxide is 98%. The effective availability of ammonia is improved by pretreating limewash before leaching. The optimum electrowinning conditions include temperature of 20~40 ℃, electric current of 2.5 A, electrode space of 3.5 cm, dosage of gelatin, TP and TNB of 0.1 g/L, 0.1 g/L and 10 mg/L respectively, and cell voltage of 3.3 V. The electrolytic efficiency is 94.33%, power consumption for one tonnage zinc is 2 869 kWh, and zinc grade of electrolyzing zinc is 99.58%. Key words: ammonia leaching; zinc ammonium complex; leaching; purify; electrowinning 传统法炼锌工艺是在ZnSO4-H2SO4-H2O体系中进行的，酸浸渣中残余锌含量高，后经高温气化回收铅锌，工艺流程复杂、能耗高、污染大，不适用于低品位氧化锌矿、含铁高的锌物料而ZnCl2体系电积锌产生的氯气会造成环境污染在强碱体系中锌酸钠电积锌只能得到海绵锌[1]。相比上述流程，氨法电解锌因其基本没有上述缺点而得到广泛研究。在氨法电解锌中，主要采用Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-NH4Cl-H2O体系[2-7]、ZnCl2-NH4Cl-H2O体系[1,8-12]、Zn(Ⅱ)-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系[13-15]而在氨水体系下浸出电积锌却未曾见报道本在氨水体系下浸出氧化锌矿制取金属锌。 1 矿石本试验所用的氧化铅锌矿取四川平武双凤氧化铅锌矿，矿样磨至主要化学成分(%)Zn 9.21、Pb