Term Explanation 名词解释.docVIP

Term Explanation 名词解释 1. Naturalism American realism developed into naturalism at the end of the 19th century. Naturalists attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness and emphasized the helpless brutal struggle of the low social and economic classes for survival in a cold world full of crushing forces of environment and heredity. It is a literary movement that began in France in the middle of the 19th century. It shares the features such as describing reality objectively, showing gloomy and dark picture, fighting against the creation of representative characters, etc. In conclusion, naturalism is the product of Darwinism and Determinism and Marxism. It is a creative term applied to the literature that aims at the detached scientific and objectivity in the treatment of natural man. 2. The Lost Generation This term has been used again and again to describe the people of the postwar years. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world. After World War I, the young disappointed American writers, such as Hemingway, Pound, Cummings, F. Scott Fitzgerald, chose Paris as their place of exile. “The Lost Generation” is also painted in the writers writings. The young English and American expatriates, men and women, were caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. They wandered pointlessly and restlessly, enjoying things like fishing, swimming, bullfight and beauties of nature, but they were aware all the while that the world is crazy and meaningless and futile. Their whole life is undercut and defeated. 3. New England Transcendentalism American Romanticism cultivates around the 1840s in what has been known as New England Transcendentalism. The Transcendentalists place emphasis on spirit, or the over soul; they