大学物理双语版奥本汉姆Chap19to21-Efie1d-1.pptVIP

Chapter 19 To 21 Electrostatic Field in Vacuum;With the torsion balance (扭称实验)Coulomb (French scientist) in 1785 was able to establish the Coulomb’s law of electrostatic interaction: ;k is a proportionality constant. The choice of the numerical value and dimensions of k is arbitrary.;(1) It is an exp. Law, holds both for macroscopic microscopic, only holds for “point charge” model.;(4) Electric charge is an intrinsic characteristic, as mass, of the fundamental particles making up everyday objects.;19-2. Electric Field;The basic feature of electric field:;(electric field);2. The calculation of electric field (P465);(2) The electric field due to a few point charges;If there is a distribution of electric charges (whether they are discrete or continuous), the net electric field is the vector sum of that of all charges.;i.e. The electric field at the point A, perpendicular bisector to the dipole axis (电偶极子中垂线) (P476).;Under condition that A is far away from O, (binomial expansion);(a) E for a dipole varies as 1/r3 for all distant points, regardless of whether they lie on the dipole axis; here r is the distance between the point in question and the dipole center (P477).;We can divide up the charged body into dq, each of which acts as a point charge. Then by using the superposition of electric field to write;;or;;(半无限长均匀带电细棒);To calculate the electric field on the axis of the ring, we define a charge element;That is,;Below figure shows a circular plastic disk of radius R that has a positive surface charge of uniform density s on its upper surface. What is the electric field at point P, a distance z from the disk along its central axis?;1;A charge particle in an electric field (P474):;19-3. Gauss’ Law (P486);(1) Electric field lines originate on positive charges and terminate on negative charges (or go on to infinity). They never originate or terminate on a charged-free point in finite space(不会在没有电荷处中断).;;Calculating the flux of electric field:;(2/2) For nonuniform f