halliday physics（哈立德大学物理学）2013-06-Momentum.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Momentum 动 量 momentum 动量，collision 碰撞，exert force 施力，impulse 冲量, 脉冲， impulse force 冲力， conservation 守恒，strike 击打，theorem 定理， arbitrary 任意的，time interval 时间段， internal force 内力，external force 外力， elastic 弹性的，completely inelastic 完全非弹性， center-of-mass reference frame 质心参考系， coefficient of restitution 恢复系数 Chapter 6 Momentum 动 量 6-1 Collisions 碰撞 6-2 Linear momentum 线性动量 6-3 Impulse and momentum 冲量和动量 6-4 Conservation of momentum 动量守恒 6-5 Two-body collisions 两体碰撞 Homework: E 7, 9；P 4, 16, 21 6-1 Collision 碰撞 (Why momentum?) Twe objects exert forces each other for a short time interval 短时间内相互施力 The forces are much larger than any forces exerted by other objects in the environment, and the action time is quite short compared with the time during which we observe the motion. 力很大，作用时间很短。 Examples: A bat strikes a baseball 棒球 An alpha particle (4He ) collides with another nucleus α粒子碰撞原子核 Two galaxies interact 星系 Traffic accidents of two automobiles. 交通事故 We need to define a new dynamic variable 动力学量that enable us to analyze collisions. This variable is called (linear) momentum. (线性)动量 Questions: We do not know the exact form of the expressions for the force between two objects. 力的表达式未知 The colliding objects are composed of many particles, and it is impossible to keep track of application of Newton’s laws for the forces on each particle. 有很多质点时，不可能用牛顿定律跟踪每一个物体上的作用力。 CERN 欧洲核子研究组织 European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN大楼，瑞士日内瓦西部与法国的边界处 大型强子对撞机隧道 地下100m，直径27km The 2013 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Higgs and Englert for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERNs Large Hadron Collider. Momentum depends on the reference frame of the observer. (if m is constant) This is another form of Newton’s second law. 6-2 Line