halliday physics（哈立德大学物理学）Chap42 Diffraction.pdfVIP

Chapter 42 Diffraction  When a light passes through a hole, or meets a disk etc., with dimensions comparable to the wavelength (d), we can see patterns on the screen behind them. Key terms: diffraction 衍射 alternating 交替的 bending 弯曲 obstacle 障碍(物) aperture 孔，缝隙 emanate 发出，发射 Fresnel diffraction 菲涅尔衍射 Fraunhofer diffraction 夫琅和费衍射 half-wavelength strip 半波带 42-1 Diffraction and the Wave Theory of Light  “the bending of light around an obstacle” (d) A E (d) A E a a a S S b b B B b Diffraction phenomena are governed by the basic physics of superposition and Huygens ’ principle.  The results of the single slit cannot be explained by geometrical optics.  Geometrical optics would say that light rays traveling in straight lines should  cast a sharp image of the slit on the screen. Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction light source obstacle screen finite distance finite distance Fresnel: finite distance infinite distance infinite distance finite distance Fraunhofer: infinite distance infinite distance using lens to o