浅谈食源性疾病的传播和耐药性 - 食品安全质量检测学报.doc

浅谈食源性疾病 付燕燕张茂俊 (中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所, 传染病预防控制国家重点实验室 摘 要: 世界卫生组织认为, 凡是通过摄食进入人体的各种致病因子引起的, 通常具有感染性的或中毒性的一类疾病, 都称之为食源性疾病。食源性疾病是目前世界上最广泛的卫生问题, 包括食物中毒、肠道传染病、人兽共患传染病、寄生虫病等其中以食源性最为突出由于抗生素促生长作用, 导致严重。在日常生活中, 由于管理体制等原因, 抗生素滥用导致食源性致病菌对多种抗生素产生耐药性。食品中的多重耐药致病菌传播到人体中的情况日益严重, 应从各方面入手杜绝耐药。 关键词食源性疾病; 耐药; 抗生素 oodborne diseases FU Yan-Yan, ZHANG Mao-Jun* (State Key of Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China) ABSTRACT: The World Health Organization believes that any type of disease, which is infectious or toxic and caused by ingestion of various pathogenic factors, is called foodborne disease. Foodborne diseases are the most widespread health problems in the world, including food poisoning, intestinal infectious diseases, zoonotic infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, etc. Among them, foodborne pathogens are the most prominent. Foodborne diseases affect people’s health, which can cause diarrhea, human poisoning or even death. With the development of China’s economy, the level of food consumption continues to grow. Therefore, food safety is particularly important. Because of the growth promoting effect of antibiotics, the abuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry is very serious. In daily life, due to management system and other reasons, antibiotic abuse leads to foodborne pathogens resistant to a variety of antibiotics. The situation of spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in food to the human body is becoming more and more serious. We should start from all aspects to prevent resistance. KEY WORDS: food-borne diseases; resistant; antibiotic 1 引 言 2011年6月17号, 湖南省某幼儿园的学生先后出现腹泻、腹痛、发热等症状, 发病患儿共132例, 采集20份患儿粪便标本做细菌培养, 其中13份检出福氏志贺氏细菌, 经过检查与17号午餐中的酱牛肉有关系。由于天气比较炎热, 酱牛肉没有经过加热, 也没有冷藏, 而直接食用[1]。这就是典型的食源性疾病的暴发。 食源性疾病涵盖范围非常广泛, 是一个日益严重的全球性公共卫生问题, 造成了较重的疾病负担[2]。据世界卫生组织估算, 全球每10人中就有1人因食用被污染的食物而患病, 每年约42万人因患食源性疾病而死亡[3]。 2 食源性致病菌 国际上通常将食源性