15. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY - cvut.cz（15。）.pdf

Chapter 15 –Modulus of Elasticity 15. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY The modulus of elasticity (= Young’s modulus) E is a material property, that describes its stiffness and is therefore one of the most important properties of solid materials. Mechanical deformation puts energy into a material. The energy is stored elastically or dissipated plastically. The way a material stores this energy is summarized in stress-strain curves. Stress is defined as force per unit area and strain as elongation or contraction per unit length When a material deforms elastically, the amount of deformation likewise depends on the size of the material, but the strain for a given stress is always the same and the two are related by Hooke´s Law (stress is directly proportional to strain): σσ E== . εε σσ == εε where σ is stress [ MPa ] E modulus of elasticity [MPa] ε strain [unitless or %] From the Hook’s law the modulus of elasticity is defined as the ratio of the stress to the strain : σσ E == σσ [[MPa]] == [[ ]] εε εε Stress is not directly measurable. We can calculate it from different formulas for different types of the loading (tension, flexural stress,…) Strain is defined as the change of the length divided by the original (initial) length (see Fig.:38) : ∆∆l l - l1 0 ∆∆ εε == == [[unitlessor %]]