3. Combustion Chemistry - University of Toronto （3所示。）.pdf

3. Combustion Chemistry - For many kinetically controlled systems, the num- ber of elementary reaction steps is so large that simple analytical solutions are not possible. - Most of the time, a large number of chemical species are involved. - Even in combustion of simple hydrocarbons, num- ber of species involved is quite high. - To illustrate how the fundamental principles of chemical kinetics apply to real-world problems, we will consider some examples. 3. Combustion Chemistry 1 AER 1304 – ÖLG Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is a good example of a multicomponent kinetic system. To de- scribe the sysytem properly, we should consider eight major species and at least 16 reactions. - The overall reaction is: 2H + O →2H O 2 2 2 This reaction is exothermic; but mixtures of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen are quite stable at atmospheric conditions. Any conceivable direct reaction between the two gases is zero. 3. Combustion Chemistry 2 AER 1304 – ÖLG - The reaction half-time at atmospheric conditions has been estimated to be much larger than the age of the universe. - If the reaction is initiated by some free-radical species, then the reaction proceeds very rapidly and violently. - The radicals are typically H and O atoms pro- duced from the dissociation of H and O , re- 2 2 spectively. - We will consider a simplified mechanism that rep- resents the gross features of H2 + O2 at low P . 3. Combustion Chemistry 3 AER 1304 –