Analysis of Pimjointed Trusses - Free（分析Pimjointed桁架-免费）.pdf

CHAPTER 4 Analysis of Pimjointed Trusses In Chapter 1we discussed various structural forms and saw that for moderately large spans, simple beams become uneconomical and may be replaced by trusses. These structures comprise members connected at their ends and are constructed in a variety of arrangements. In general, trusses are lighter, stronger and stiffer than solid beams of the same span; they do, however, take up more room and are more expensive to fabricate. Initially in this chapter we shall discuss types of truss, their function and the idealization of a truss into a form amenable to analysis. Subsequently, we shall investigate the criterion which indicates the degree of their statical determinacy, examine the action of the members of a truss in supporting loads and, finally, examine methods of analysis of both trusses and space frames. 4.1 Types of truss Generally the form selected for a truss depends upon the purpose for which it is required. Examples of different types of truss are shown in Figs 4.1 (a)-(f); some are named after the railway engineers who invented them. The Pratt, Howe, Warren and K trusses would, for example, be used to support bridge decks and large-span roofing systems (the Howe truss is no longer used for reasons we shall discuss in Section 4.5) whereas the Fink truss would be used to support gable-ended roofs. The Bowstring truss is somewhat of a special case in that if the upper chord members are arranged such that the joints lie on a parabola and the loads, all of equal magnitude, are applied at the upper joints, the internal members carry no load. This result derives from arch theory (Chapter 6) but is rarely of practical significance si