Antennas - K6RIA（天线K6RIA）.pdf

Antennas One of the most important considerations when operating a radio is the type of antenna to be used. For good communications with a radio operating in the HF range (2.000 kHz to 29.999 MHz), you must consider the-- • Type of antenna. • Operating frequency. • Terrain around the radio site. • Time of day. • Location of and distance between radios. • Atmospheric conditions. The operator can sometimes control the first four or five factors. The antenna and frequency are the most important considerations under his control. Both should be selected to suit the distance between the radios and the propagation characteristics. The operator will most likely have two or three different frequencies assigned for the operation or exercise. These will be found in the SOI under the net in which he is operating. Section I. Antenna Selection a. The field environment, tactical situation, and distance between radio sites determine the type of antenna used. If the radio set is used while on the move, the whip antenna supplied with the equipment is normally used. The whip antenna, using the ground wave, is satisfactory for most short-range missions. b. If the tactical situation permits, a simple half-wave dipole antenna (doublet) or the NVIS antenna is used to extend the range of the radio by using the skip phenomenon. Skip means the radio waves are bounced off the ionosphere and back to earth giving coverage of 300 miles or more. Figure 3-1 shows the ground wave and sky wave using the skip phenomenon. The NVIS can be used at frequencies above 12 MHz but automatic tuning of the radio (AN/PRC-104A and/or AN/GRC-213) may not be possible at all frequencies. c. When using an antenna with directional characteristics, orient the antenna so that it is most sensitive in the direction of the other station(s). Figure 3-2 shows the radiation pattern of the ant