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Conflict Theory - University of North Carolina at (冲突理论北卡罗来纳大学)
CHAPTER 10
Conflict Theory
A. Oberschall
This essay covers three broad topics. First, there has been renewed debate about human nature
and the roots of intergroup violence and warfare in evolutionary biology, in psychology, and
in anthropology. The “ordinary man” hypothesis explains why and how humans justify and
participate in violence and atrocities. Second, in addition to interstate wars, political scientists
have been studying insurgencies, ethnic cleansing, civil wars, genocide, ethnic riots, and other
modes of violence called “new wars.” Based on hundreds of case studies, comparative research
and large quantitative data sets, they have theorized about the root causes and dynamics of
these conflicts, and about prevention, deterrence, conflict management, and peace making.
Third, the social movement and collective action field in sociology developed a mobilization
theory for explaining why and how relatively powerless groups confront regimes, how the
dynamics of confrontations escalate to civil strife, what outcomes result, and whether violence
was necessary for change. All three research traditions contribute insights and findings for
conflict theory. In the conclusion, I argue that a theory of conflict should integrate group with
state/regime centered analysis (micro with the macro), give more weight to dynamics than to
root causes, and make conflict management an equal partner with violent conflict.
HUMAN NATURE AND WARFARE
The psychologist Robert Hinde writes that (1997) “Certain behavioral propensities, including
the capacity for aggression, are common to virtually all humans. This does not mean that they
are genetically determined …humans have a capacity to be both aggressive and altruistic…the
behavior shown depends on a host of developmental, experiential, social and circumstantial
factors.” Although sociobiologists assume that genes exi
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