李彤《软件工程》教学课件ch16.pptVIP

16.3 User analysis If you don’t understand what the users want to do with a system, you have no realistic prospect （前景）of designing an effective interface. User analyses have to be described in terms that users and other designers can understand. Scenarios where you describe typical episodes （情节）of use, are one way of describing these analyses. User interaction scenario Jane is a student of Religious Studies and is working on an essay on Indian architecture and how it has been influenced by religious practices. To help her understand this, she would like to access some pictures of details on notable buildings but can’t find anything in her local library. She approaches the subject librarian to discuss her needs and he suggests some search terms that might be used. He also suggests some libraries in New Delhi and London that might have this material so they log on to the library catalogues and do some searching using these terms. They find some source material and place a request for photocopies of the pictures with architectural detail to be posted directly to Jane. Requirements from the scenario Users may not be aware of appropriate search terms so need a way of helping them choose terms. Users have to be able to select collections to search. Users need to be able to carry out searches and request copies of relevant material. 16.3.1 Analysis techniques Task analysis Models the steps involved in completing a task. Interviewing and questionnaires Asks the users about the work they do. Ethnography Observes the user at work. Hierarchical task analysis Retrieve pictures from remote libraries Discover possible sources Establish search terms Search for pictures Request photocopies of found items 1 2 3 4. Select library Log in to catalogue Search for pictures Modify search terms Record relevant items 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Enter search terms Initiate search Review results 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 do 1, 2, 3 until pictures found, 4 do 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 until pictures found, 3.4 if nec