旁分泌方式调节腺垂体细胞生长.ppt

Prolactin (PRL) Stimulates the development of mammary glands and milk production Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin) Stimulates cell growth and replication through release of somatomedins or IGF Growth-hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH) Growth-hormone inhibiting hormone (GH-IH) Hormones of the adenohypophysis Growth Hormone Also called somatotropin, mostly secreted at night Acts on target cells in the liver, the liver then produces other hormones called somatomedins Significant effects on metabolism: Increased amino acid uptake and protein synthesis Mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue Enhances glycogen breakdown (called glycogenolysis), decreases rate of glucose utilization in most cells Diabetogenic effect: blood glucose levels rise, as more glucose is being released from glycogen stores but less glucose is being used by cells hGH – 191 amino acids Metabolic Effects of GH Anabolic – increase amino acid uptake, protein, RNA/DNA synthesis – decrease amino acid/protein degradation Ketogenic – increase lipolysis – increase fatty acid oxidation→ketones Diabetogenic – increase plasma glucose ( ↓uptake ↑gluconeogenesis) – increase insulin secretion Growth Hormone - Circulates in 2 forms (22-kDa 20-kDa) of similar biologic activity - promotes growth of body tissues by increasing the size numbers of cells - Homologous with prolactin and human placenta lactogen (hPL, 胎盘催乳素) Somatostatin (Growth hormone-inhibiting Hormone, somato-tropin release inhibiting hormone) Somatostatin Inhibit the release of glucagon, insulin, and gastrin(胃泌素) Studies by Salmon and Daughaday in 1957demonstrated that GH needs a ‘mediator’ for its growth-promoting action Somatomedins (生长介素) The growth-promoting effects of GH are mediated by somatomedins The effects of somatomedin are similar to that of insulin: 胰岛素样生长因子Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) IGF-I IGF-II are produced in many tissues, with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions The major source of circ