第一章 分子生物学的发展历史.ppt

第一章 分子生物学的发展历史 郑伟娟 2006 discovered key regulators of the cell cycle Leland H. Hartwell R. Timothy (Tim) Hunt Sir Paul M. Nurse The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 2002 Nobel Prize John Sulston Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and development 1.3. 分子生物学的研究概况 还原论 20世纪 人类对生命现象的认识 个体 染色体 基因 DNA dNt 基因的概念 基因的本质 基因的功能 逐步深刻认识 人类对生命现象的认识 还原论 20世纪 生命科学的飞跃 了解整个生命现象的本质 仍然是零敲碎打研究策略 （ piece meal ） * * What is Molecular biology ? 1.1. 分 子 生 物 学 的 概 念 The term has more than one definition. Define in broadly： understand biological phenomena in molecular terms (difficult to distinguish from biochemistry) Define in restrictively： the study of gene structure and their activities in molecular level What is Molecular biology ? 遗传学（genetics） 生物化学（biochemistry） 分子生物学 （molecular biology） 1.2. 分子生物学发展简史 Transmission Genetics 传递遗传学 In 1865, Gregor Mendel published Mendelian inheritance (孟德尔遗传定律 ). garden pea Inheritance occurred through blending of each trait of the parents in the offspring. Inheritance is particulate（微粒，微粒的）. Each parent contributes particles, or genetic units, to the offspring. 1822-1884 /RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.html In 1910, Thomas Hunt Morgan provided the first definitive evidence for the Chromosome theory of inheritance 1933 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning the role played by the Chromosome in heredity（遗传） , demonstrated that genes are on the chromosome fruit fly ( Drosophia melanogaster ) 1866-1945 /medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html Molecular Genetics What genes are made of and how they work? The discovery of DNA 1869, Friedrich Miescher discovered nuclein and the major component of nuclein is DNA. 1844-1895 http://www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/index2.html The Composition of Genes 1944, Oswald Avery demonstrated that the chromosome is composed of DNA. Not RNA