第一项对应于电偶极辐射.ppt

Electrodynamics REN Xincheng, Postdoctoral , Professor Chapter 5. The radiation of electromagnetic wave The problem of electromagnetic wave propagation is discussed in last chapter, the problem of electromagnetic wave excitation and radiation is discussed further in this chapter. The method dealing with the problem in this chapter ： In the rapidly varying circumstances, E is no longer a conservative force field, the concept of electric potential can not be introduced. However, we can promote the concept of potential, and introduce scalar potential in case of rapidly varying circumstances (but scalar potential is no longer a electronic potential), then the radiation problem is solved by the potential. The main contents of this chapter includes: 1）Potential introduction of its gauge invariance； 2）To solutions of potential - to discuss the retarded potential, thereby the maximum propagation speed of interaction is obtained; 3）The radiation electromagnetic fields is calculated using retarded potential, the dipole radiation is discussed intensively. Chapter 5. The radiation of electromagnetic wave Arrangements for each section of this chapter §5.1 The vector potential and scalar potential of electromagnetic fields 1. To describe the electromagnetic fields with the potential (only discuss the case of vacuum) The general form of Maxwells equation is: In the fast varying situation, the electric field is a sourced and rotational field, the varying magnetic field and the charge excited the electric field jointly .(The substance of the varying magnetic field excited the electric field represents the propagation of action of the field). Based on this idea, now the formula of (1) is became Therefore, the electromagnetic field can be expressed as follows used to the generalized potential: 2. The gage transformation and gage invariance The scalar potential and vector potential are transformed as follows: It can be seen, it does not correspond to only one group of poten