水质工程学（Water Quality Engineering）.docVIP

水质工程学（Water Quality Engineering） 2, water impurities according to size can be divided into several categories? Understand the main sources, characteristics and general removal methods of various kinds of impurities. Answer: impurities in water can be divided into three categories according to size: 1) suspended solids and colloidal impurities: Suspended solids are larger and easier to sink or float in water. However, the size of colloidal particles is very small, and it is difficult to sink in the water for a long time. The colloids in water usually contain clay, some bacteria and viruses, humus and proteins. Organic polymers are also commonly colloidal. Natural colloids are usually negatively charged and sometimes contain a small amount of positively charged metal hydroxide colloid. Sand with a particle size greater than 0.1mm is easy to remove and usually sinks rapidly in the water. The suspended particles and colloidal substances with smaller particle size should be added with coagulants to remove them. 2) dissolved impurities are classified into two categories: organic and inorganic. They are homogeneous systems with water and are transparent in appearance and belong to the real solution. However, some inorganic dissolved substances can make aquatic products smell, smell and taste. Inorganic dissolved impurities, some of the main industrial water removal targets, but toxic and harmful inorganic dissolved substances, but also the removal of drinking water object. Organic solvent mainly comes from water pollution, but also exists naturally. 5, what is called negative head? How does it affect filtration and irrigation? How to avoid the negative water head in the filter layer? Answer: negative water head means that the filter layer is blocking a large amount of impurities so that the head loss at a depth below the sand surface exceeds the depth of the water. The negative water head causes the gas dissolved in water to release and form an air sac. The air bag has the