水稻田土壤水分移动之现地试验和数值模拟.docVIP

水稻田土壤水分移動之現地試驗與數值模擬 Field Experiments and Numerical Simulation of Soil Water Movement in Paddy Field 研究生：王瑞源 Wang,Jui-Yuan 指導教授：鄒禕 Tsou I 【摘要】 政府加入世界貿易組織(WTO)之後，勢必造成國內稻米產量減少，水稻田必須休耕之局面。但考量水稻田具有地下水涵養、補注等之功能，於水稻田休耕後仍應繼續維持其生態性機能，以確保地下水之永續利用。本研究之動機乃為瞭解水稻田蓄水後土壤水分移動及補注地下水之現象。為達此目的，將分為(1)現地試驗(2)土壤特性分析(3)數值模擬三大研究方向進行。現地試驗係以一塊5m×5m的水稻田，於兩側開挖約1.3公尺深的壕溝進行側滲流量測。田區配置三口觀測井進行淺層地下水位之量測。平均入滲率量測分為定水頭及變水頭兩種試驗型態，並依10公分、15公分及20公分三種水深進行試驗。現地試驗結果顯示，平均入滲率及淺層地下水位的抬升與灌水深有正比之關係。本研究共計在現地採取3組土樣進行土壤特性分析，分析之結果顯示，研究區域之剖面可分為坋質壤土、壤質砂土及砂土等三種土壤。本研究並對各層土壤之土壤分類、土壤總體密度、飽和水力傳導係數、土壤水分吸力與含水量關係曲線、土壤水分吸力與相對水力傳導係數關係曲線及土壤水分吸力與水容量等之關係曲線，進行試驗分析。本研究採用FEMWATER數值模式配合擁有圖形界面功能之GMS軟體，作為輸入輸出的操作平台，以進行試驗區域淺層地下水位之模擬。模式首先建立平面概念模型，輸入柱狀體資料後轉成三維概念模型。模式邊界條件的設定，則端視田區現地狀況而定。本研究採試誤法對假設的通量邊界進行修正，容許誤差設定為±10%。模擬結果顯示全時段之模擬值接近於逐步法之模擬值。 關鍵字：土壤水分移動、水稻田、現地試驗、數值模式 【Abstract】 For the government attending the World Trade Organization (WTO), the rice yield and the area of paddy fields will be obligated to decrease. However, considering the functions of groundwater conservation and recharge by paddy fields, it shall still maintain the ecological function to insure the sustainableuse of groundwater while the productive functions of paddy fields are suspended.The motivation of my research is trying to understand the phenomenon of soil water movement and groundwater recharge in paddy fields after irrigating. To achieve the purpose, my research will be divided into three parts: (1) field experiments (2) analysis of soil characteristic (3) numerical simulation.The field experiments is setting up on a 5m×5m paddy field, and excavate a ditch of 1.3m depth. In order to measure the shallow groundwater table, there are setting three observed wells in this field. There are two types of field test, fixed-head and variated-head, use to measure the average infiltration rate on the paddy field. Each test proceed with three different ponding depth, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm. The result of this field experiment demonstrate that the shallow groundwater table and av