Setting of Hygiene Standards and Exposure Limits 卫生标准和接触 .PPTVIP

HYGIENE STANDARDS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS卫生标准或职业接触限值 Hygiene Standards or Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) (1)卫生标准或职业接触限值（OEL） They are not an index of toxicity 不是毒性指数。 They do not represent a fine demarcation between good and bad practice. 不是良好规范和不良规范的分界。 They are based on the current best available information and are liable to change. 是根据当前最佳可用信息确定的，可能会有变更。 If there is not a hygiene standard set for a chemical substance, it does not mean that substance is safe. 如某化学物质没有卫生标准设定值，不表示该物质是安全的。 Good occupational hygiene practice is to keep airborne contaminants to as low a level as possible, not to just below the relevant hygiene standard(s). 良好的职业卫生规范是确保大气污染物尽量少，不应该只是低于相关的卫生标准。 Hygiene Standards or Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) (2)卫生标准或职业接触限值（OEL） They apply to occupational exposure of adults. They are not applicable to environmental exposure where more susceptible groups exist e.g. pregnant women, children, infirm. OEL适用于成人的职业接触。 OEL不适用于存在易感人群的环境接触，如：孕妇、儿童、和体弱者。 For chemicals they generally relate to airborne concentrations i.e. they only take into account the inhalation route of entry. 对于与空气浓度相关的化学品，只考虑其吸入的侵入方式。 They generally refer to single substances, although some guidance may be given on mixed exposures. 仅指单个物质，虽然存在混合物的指南。 Setting of Hygiene Standards and Exposure Limits卫生标准和接触限值规定 There are three main types of hygiene standards:- 目前有三种主要类型的卫生标准： Chemical agents such as gases, vapours, fumes, mists, dusts and aerosols. 化学因素：如气体、蒸汽、烟雾、迷雾、粉尘和气溶胶。 Physical agents such as noise, vibration, heat, cold and radiation (ionising and non?ionising) 物理因素：如噪声、振动、热、冷和辐射（电离和非电离） Biological exposure indices. 生物接触指标。 Setting of Hygiene Standards and Exposure Limits卫生标准和接触限值规定 When setting hygiene standards for hazardous agents, the effects the agents might have on the body have to be considered namely:- 设定有害因素的卫生标准时，应考虑各因素对人体的影响： Contact 接触 Local toxic effects at the site of contact (skin, eye, respiratory tract etc.) 接触部位的毒性（皮肤、眼