改革面临挑战.doc

The Challenges of Reform Of course, building a modern economy carries costs too. 当然，建立现代经济是有代价的。 Different countries will manage these costs in different ways. 各国应付这种代价的方式也不尽相同。 ?But the problems China has had to deal with in recent years are familiar to Britain and other countries undergoing（经历，忍受，遭受） major economic transition（转变，过渡，变调，转换）: the conundrum （答案有双关意义的）谜语，难题of unleashing （释放）enterprises while keeping inflation in check; the social consequences and complexity of reforming（重整） uncompetitive（无竞争力的） or declining（倾斜的，衰退中的） industries. 而中国近年来面临的一些问题是英国和其他处于重大经济转轨时期的国家所熟悉的：即如何在控制通货膨胀的情况下使企业获得发展，如何处理由于改造缺乏竞争力或是每况愈下的工业所造成的复杂的社会后果。 The conclusion we reached in Britain is that change simply cannot sensibly be put off. For an industry to have a viable（可行的，能养活的） future it must learn to compete on its own merits. Of course change must be managed sensitively, with care. But jobs that depend on protection and subsidy （补助金，津贴）cannot be sustained（持续不变的，相同的） or long. 我们英国人得出的结论是，改革是大势所趋。一个工业要生存下去，就必须学会靠自身的力量去竞争。当然，处理变革问题应该十分谨慎。但依赖保护和补贴来保障就业是不能持久的。 By contrast, the British experience is that the industry that can adapt to the demands of competition will usually thrive（兴旺，繁荣）. The enterprise that best meets the needs of its customer, at the best price. Offers the most secure future for its workers. 英国的经验是，能够适应竞争的工业通常会昌盛。那些能以最低价格最大限度地满足客户要求的企业就能为其工人提供最可靠的前途保障。 That is why the British Government believes strongly in the case for economic liberalization and deregulation（违反规定，反常） at home.?这就是为什么英国政府坚信应当在国内实行经济自由化和撤销经济管制。 But the policy consequences of this are not solely （单独地，独自地）domestic. 但这样做的政策性影响并不仅限于国内。 With the liberalization of world trade, economic competition now means international as well as domestic competition. 随着世界贸易的自由化，现在的经济竞争意味着既是国际的竞争，也是国内的竞争。 Opening up national economies brings fresh challenges as well as new opportunities. New opportunities to do business and win investment; but fresh challenges from foreign firms too, new competition in established mark