膜结构有限元分析中的平面单元及曲面单元的比较.pdf

第 25 卷第 2 期 Vol.25 No.2 工 程 力 学 2008 年 2 月 Feb. 2008 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 168 文章编号：1000-4750(2008)02-0168-06 膜结构有限元分析中的平面单元与 曲面单元的比较 *伞冰冰，武 岳，沈世钊 (哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院，哈尔滨 150090) 摘 要：在对膜结构进行有限元模拟时，通常采用两种面单元形式——平面常应变三角形单元和六结点曲面三角 形等参元，究竟哪一种单元形式更优一直是存在争议的问题。首先就这两种单元的有限元格式进行探讨，比较了 它们在位移模式、几何方程及刚度矩阵等方面的力学本质差异；然后，通过一些典型算例，比较了它们在计算精 度和计算效率等方面的优劣。分析结果表明：在有限元格式方面，曲面三角形等参元较之平面常应变三角形单元 更为完备，更加符合结构的实际受力特征；在计算精度和计算效率方面，曲面三角形等参元也要优于平面常应变 三角形单元；因此，从结构精细化分析的角度来看，宜采用曲面三角形等参元来进行膜结构有限元分析。 关键词：膜结构；有限元法；平面单元；曲面单元；几何非线性 中图分类号：TU33 文献标识码：A COMPARISON BETWEEN PLANE AND CURVED ELEMENTS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURES BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD * SAN Bing-bing , WU Yue , SHEN Shi-zhao (School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China) Abstract: It is always a question open to discuss that which kind of element is more optimal for the finite element analysis of membrane structures, the triangular finite element of constant stress or the curved triangular finite element with 6 nodes. This paper carries on the analysis of this problem. It first focuses on the format of the two kinds of finite elements, revealing some elemental differences on a displacement model, the geometry equation and stiffness matrix between the two elements. Then by typical numerical examples, their accuracy and efficiency in calculation are analyzed and compared. The study shows that: curved triangular elements are more comprehensive and closer to the mechanical performance of authentic membrane, compared with triangul