测量基础知识与量具（Measuring basic knowledge and measuring tools）.doc

测量基础知识与量具（Measuring basic knowledge and measuring tools） The first measurement of basic knowledge Measurement technology is a cutting-edge science which has its own professional system, which covers a variety of disciplines, theory and practice. The basic knowledge of measurement technology is to master the measurement skills and to complete the basis of geometric parameter measurement of mechanical products independently. 1.1 definition of measurement Whether or not a finished product meets the geometric accuracy of the design, there are usually several ways of judging it. Measurement: the whole operation of determining the value of the measured object. In this operation, the measured object is compared with the standard quantity of the unit measured by the compound measurement unit, and the measurement results are expressed in terms of the ratio of measured and measured units and their accuracy. For example, the measurement of an axis by a vernier caliper is to compare the object (diameter of the axis) with a specific measurement method (measured by a vernier caliper) with a length unit (mm). If the ratio is 30.52 and the accuracy is 0.03 mm, the measurement results can be expressed as (30.52 + 0.03) mm. Any measurement process consists of four elements: measurement object, unit of measurement, measurement method and measurement error. Test: a measurement with a test property. It can also be understood as the whole process of test and measurement. Qualification inspection: is whether measured quantities () within the prescribed scope of process, generally speaking is a process to determine whether products meet the design requirements, the judge product qualification process, usually does not necessarily require specific value is measured. Therefore, the test can also be interpreted as not requiring the measurement of specific values. Measurement: to realize the measurement of the unity and measurement of the measurement unit accurately and reliably. 1.2 measureme