烷和烯烃的性质（The properties of alkane and olefin）.doc

烷和烯烃的性质（The properties of alkane and olefin） Methane and alkane 1, carbon atoms of organic molecules and carbon atoms by C - C are connected into carbon chain, all remaining valence bond is saturated by H chain formed by organic compounds, called saturated hydrocarbon chain, or alkane. The most representative of alkanes is methane, also known as biogas, gas, gas, etc. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas, small density than air, insoluble in water, methane, CH4 C atoms in molecules with sp3 hybridized form covalent bond, bond Angle is 109.5 °, form the space structure are all size. The chemical properties of methane are mainly reflected in combustion and substitution reactions: The combustion of methane: Phenomenon: the flame is bright and light blue, and 1molCH4 burns out 890kJ heat. The products of CO2 and H2O are free of pollution. Therefore, natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, is a kind of clean energy. Methane can be burned, but cannot be oxidized by acidic KMnO4 solutions; The substitution of methane: Mechanism of this reaction is one of the methane molecules hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine gas molecules in a chlorine atom, in turn, generate a methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, four chloride methane, hydrogen and chlorine gas molecules replace down in another chlorine atoms combine to generate hydrogen chloride, reaction products a total of five. Methane can be decomposed in high temperature: CH4, C + 2H2 2, the structure and properties of alkanes and methane are similar, under normal circumstances, the melt boiling point increase as the number of C atoms of alkane and increases, density increases gradually, a C atomic number at the same time, with the increasing of the branched chain, melt boiling point decreases of molecular alkane carbon number less than or equal to 4, a gas under atmospheric pressure; Alkanes are not soluble in water, but are soluble in organic solvents. Due to the molecular structure of alkanes and meth