植物学 上册)_002（Botany) _002）.doc

植物学 上册)_002（Botany) _002） No nipple. The process of cytokinesis 1, the formation of the phragmoplast: in late fission, chromosome closer to the diode, the change in shape of the spindle, between the two daughter nucleus increased a lot in the continuous filament short spindle silk, forming a dense the spindle fiber barrel area, called the phragmoplast 2, the formation of the cell plate: many polysaccharide substance from phragmoplast vesicles (mainly from the golgi apparatus, also from the endoplasmic reticulum) to the equatorial plane fusion, releasing polysaccharide substances (mainly pectic substance), constitute a cell plate. 3, the formation of new wall: in the formation of the cell plate, phragmoplast from central location to expand gradually, the cell plate also has spread as around, until into the cell wall, completely separated into two daughter cells, the mother cell of the cell plate is a new middle wall of a cell, and then by the secretion of plasma produced a large number of primary wall, formed by the cellulose, which in turn generate secondary wall. (3) the characteristics and significance of mitosis Features: two significant steps including nuclear division and cytokinesis; The appearance of spindles; Chromosome duplication and chromatids separation Significance: the stability of cell inheritance is maintained because the daughter has the same genetic potential as the mother cell. 2. Mitosis (direct division) 1. Process: the nucleus is extended first, then constricted in the middle, becomes fine, and finally breaks down, and divides into two nuclei, forming a new wall between the subnuclei to form two new cells 2. Features: no chromosome, spindle, etc., there are genetic stability problems. There is no guarantee that the genetic material is equally distributed among the two subcells. The absence of silk in the plant body is still more common. In the process of endosperm development, the plant forms callus, in normal tissue, the cells of the tissue, e