生物名家3（Biology expert 3）.doc

生物名家3（Biology expert 3） Microbial Hunter Pasteur, a frustrated biologist Louis Pasteur (L.Pasteur, 1822-1895) was a world famous French scientist in the nineteenth Century. In the fifty years or so of his scientific career, he has made many important discoveries and inventions from chemical science to biology. And the emergence of each achievement, to varying degrees, has been the opposition of some people. In his indomitable struggle, Pasteur put his achievements into scientific practice, applied them to industry, agriculture, production and medical treatment, and finally defeated the opponents. Allotropism discovery and Biot suspicion While still in college, Pasteur began to study the morphology and structure of chemical crystals. Wine circulation acid and tartaric acid ISO two crystals look exactly the same, but the former has no optical activity, the latter. The reason for this difference is that the chemical community has not been able to solve it for a long time. Pasteur, with a bull and excellent experimental ability, want to touch this difficult problem. After a period of careful microscopy and careful experimentation, Pasteur discovered that tartaric acid was originally a mixture of two different tartaric acid crystals. One is the same as ordinary tartaric acid; the crystalline plane is on the right side; the other is the opposite. The elements of the two are exactly the same in shape as the crystal, but they do not overlap with each other like the glove of the right and left hand. Pasteur very patiently to separate the two kinds of crystals were made from solution, compare the opticity. The results showed that a solution with laevorotatory, another with the right light; if the two mix is different, recovery of tartaric acid, opticity disappeared. Pasteur immediately realized that the same material can form each other in different crystal Ying , caused by different opticity; tartaric acid did not vary with optical activity, because it contains two kinds of