化学选修5 笔记（Taking 5 notes in Chemistry）.doc

化学选修5 笔记（Taking 5 notes in Chemistry） The basic introduction of halogen Halogenated hydrocarbon formula is: (Ar) R-X, X can be regarded as halogenated functional groups, including F, Cl, Br, I. Named introduction The hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules by halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) substituted compounds generated after. Named, according to the different substituted halogen, called fluorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, brominated hydrocarbons and iodo hydrocarbons, can also according to the molecular number of halogen atoms into a halogenated hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and two polyhalohydrocarbon; also can according to different alkyl, divided into saturated unsaturated hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon etc.. In addition, can also according to the directly connected with the halogen atoms of carbon atoms, divided into a level two halogenated hydrocarbons RCH2X, R2CHX and R3CX three halogenated halogenated hydrocarbons. The classification of fold (1) according to the different: halogen containing fluorinated hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbons, brominated hydrocarbons (2) according to the number of halogen atoms: a halogenated hydrocarbon, polyhalohydrocarbon (3) according to the types of fatty alkyl halides, alkyl aryl halides The reduction reaction 1. fold substitution reaction Because of the ability of halogen atoms attract electrons, resulting in halogenated hydrocarbon molecule of C - X bond has certain polarity. When the C - X bond encounter other polar reagents, halogen atoms by other atoms or groups of atoms substituted. (1) substituted with hydroxy groups Halogenated hydrocarbons can react with water to produce alcohol. In the reaction, halogenated hydrocarbon molecules in halogen atoms in water molecule was replaced by hydroxyl: R - XHOHR - OHHX This reaction was relatively slow, but reversible. If the solution to alkali hydrolysis, the reaction can be right, because