先秦墓祭制度再研究_董坤玉.pdfVIP

考古2010 年第7 期 o 董坤玉 : KEYWORDS: T ombs Sacrif ice Funeral Rit es and Ceremonies Pre-Qin Period ABSTRACT: In the re-Qin Period, Mu ( Tomb or Gra e) and Zhon ( Mound o er ra e) are p g g tw o exclusi el different conce ts: Mu w as burial lace w ithout mound o er it, and a eneral t erm for the y p p g burials of common eo le and som e nobles; Zhon w as lar e-scale burial w ith art ificial mound o er it, and p p g g the term s eciall used for the ro al or hi h-ranked elite burials. T he meanin s of t hese t wo terms be an p y y g g g to be m ixed u since the S rin -and-Autum n Period, and referred t o the same conce t in the Qin-H an p p g p Period. In the pre-Qin Period, the Zhongji , w hich w ere sacrif ice of fering cerem onies on t he sit es of the m ounded royal or high-ranked elite t ombs, did unquest ionably exist; but t he Muji , w hich w ere sacrifice offering ceremonies held on t he sites of the gra es of common people or some nobles, w as only one step in the procedure of funeral ceremonies and not held as a rule. The opinion of / in t he ancient times, Muji w as not held0 by the scholars in t he H an to Jin Dynast ies w as held just on t his aspect . , , / , / 0 0 , , , , , , ( 172 ) , , : / 0 [ 1] / 0 , / 0 ( 22 1)