词汇学复习重点(1).doc

3 Word-formation: Addition of prefix or suffix to a given word; Provide full forms and Chinese equivalent for some acronyms and initialism: BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation VIP: a very important person NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries UNESCO: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks TEFL: teaching English as a foreign language SHAPE: Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe GMT: Greenwich Mean Time POW: Prisoner of War ASEAN: Association of South-east Asia Nations EEC: European Economic Community EPA: Environmental Protection Agency CIA: the Central Intelligence Agency of the US IOC: International Olympic Committee UN: the United Nations 6 Term definition: Aliens: referring to words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling, which are easily recognizable as foreign in origin. E.g. French borrowing: resume. Denizens: referring to foreign words which have been conformed to native English in accent, spelling and even in adoption of an English affix. E.g. French borrowing: uncertain, faultless. Radiation: is a semantic process leading to polysemy in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like ray. E.g. “power” has the meaning (1)ability to do or act (2)energy (3)influential person, body, or thing…(4)government… Concatenation: is a semantic process leading to polysemy in which the meaning of the word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like the links of a chain, until there is no connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary meaning. E.g. “board” originally means a piece of timber, but after shifts it has a meaning of ”company”, which has no connection with “a piece of timber”. Homonymy: In English, many pairs or groups of words, though different in meaning, are pro