AC SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS USNA（交流同步发电机后）.pdf

AC SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS Why do we study AC synchronous generators? The short answer is that 3-phase AC generators are the workhorse of the power generation arena. Why? They are not as power limited as DC generators and voltage-level shifting is less expensive using AC (via transformers) rather than DC (power electronics). Thus, terrestrially at your local power generation plant or shipboard, you will find a synchronous machine. Well, to be accurate, you will find not just a synchronous machine but also a prime mover and some source of fuel for the prime mover. A block diagram for the layout of a shipboard generation system is shown in Figure 5.1. Let’s discuss the elements of this system before getting into the details of the synchronous machine. On a surface combatant such as the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, the engine (prime mover) that drives the synchronous generator is a gas turbine (Allison 501-34K). The gas turbine converts the F76 fuel into mechanical power. A governor connected to the prime mover regulates its speed and controls the amount of mechanical power transmitted to the generator. The generator in turn converts the mechanical power to electrical power. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and exciter connected to the synchronous machine adjust the rotor field current to maintain the required terminal voltage. Cables, switchboards, transformers, and circuit breakers then route the three- phase power to the many shipboard loads. On other ships, the prime mover may be a diesel engine or a steam turbine or some combination. Figure 5.1 - Notional Portion of a Shipboard Electric Power Generation System 5.1 Principle of Operation A three-phase synchronous machine consists of an inner rotating cylinder called the rotor and an outer stationary housing called the stator as shown in Figure 5.2. A shaft runs through the rotor and it is balanced on bearings. Figure 5.2 - Layout o