AMT Automatic IP Multicast without explicit （没有显式AMT自动IP多播）.pdf

IP MULTICASTING — Automatic IP Multicast without AMT explicit Tunnels Thomas Kernen and Steve Simlo Cisco Systems According to research by Cisco’s Visual Networking Index, IP traffic will grow by a factor of four between 2009 and 2014 – rising to nearly 64 Exabytes per month, of which 91% will be video (TV, VoD, Internet video and P2P). One technique which helps to manage this growth is multicast. However, today, most static multicast tunnelling uses an encapsulation which results in all multicast traffic having the same source and destination IP address and protocol number, with no Layer 4 information. This forces all traffic to be categorized into the same class by the transit routers and this in turn means that it is impossible to differentiate between streams for the purpose of load balancing or prioritisation. In contrast, AMT uses UDP encapsulation to provide different source UDP ports for the encapsulated traffic, allowing transit routers to perform flow-based load balancing for more efficient link utilization. This has benefits for broadcasters and content owners, enabling access to an infrastructure with minimal bandwidth requirements per stream and affording an opportunity to further improve the quality of the streams that are delivered. The problems with realising a multicast service are multidimensional, involving several different players:  Users simply want access to content and do not care whether that content is delivered over a unicast or a multicast infrastructure.  Internet Service Providers seek a way to be compensated for delivering extra services. There