Atmospheric Pressure, Winds, and Circulation （大气压力、风和循环）.pdf

Atmospheric Pressure, Winds, and Circulation Patterns 5 CHAPTER PREVIEW Latitudinal differences in temperature (as a result of differential receipt of insolation) provide a partial explanation for latitudinal differences in pressure. ■ What is the relationship between temperature and pressure? ■ Why is this only a partial explanation? The fact that land heats and cools more rapidly than water is of signifi cance not only to world patterns of temperature but also n individual gas molecule weighs almost nothing; to world patterns of pressure, winds, and precipitation. Ahowever, the atmosphere as a whole has ■ How can you explain this fact? ■ What effect does this fact have on world patterns? considerable weight and exerts an average pressure of Planetary (global) wind systems in association with global pres- 1034 grams per square centimeter (14.7 lb/sq in.) on sure patterns play a major role in global circulation. ■ What are the six major planetary (global) wind belts or zones, Earth’s surface. The reason why people are not crushed and what are their chief characteristics? by this atmospheric pressure is that we have air and water ■ Why do the wind belts migrate with the seasons? inside us—in our blood, tissues, and cells—exerting an Upper air winds and atmospheric circulation play a major role in controlling surface weather and climatic conditions. equal outward pressure that balances the inward pressure ■ What is upper air circulation like? of the atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure is important ■ How do o