Appendix 2Common Rules Greek Syntax（附录2希腊公共规则语法）.pdf

Biblical Interpretation Western Reformed Seminary () John A. Battle, Th.D. APPENDIX 2 SOME COMMON RULES OF GREEK SYNTAX This section will deal with Greek grammar and its relation to biblical interpretation. Many of the principles would apply equally to Hebrew grammar, although the particular rules are of course different. These rules are illustrative only; detailed study of the language in the appropriate language class is necessary to properly and reliably apply these and other rules. Knowledge of the subtleties of Greek syntax will greatly assist understanding the New Testament text. The most common and easily applied categories involve the following: • Verb tense, voice, and mood (or mode) • Noun case Verb tense (indicative mood) Grammarians used to link tense too closely to time; now they recognize the flexibility of time, even in the indicative. Later they came to use the term Aktionsart (“type of action”) to describe the thrust of the tenses. Now they more often use the term Aspekt or aspect, emphasizing more the “view of the action” than the type of the action. [For surveys of tense usage, see Zerwick, 77-99; Dana and Mantey, 176-208; Blass, Debrunner, Funk, 166-81.] Present indicative (cf. John Battle, The Present Indicative in New Testament Exegesis) • Action viewed as present or habitual “He looses, is loosing.” A2.1 Aorist indicative • Simple view of the action “He loosed.” Imperfect indicative • Action viewed as in progress in the past “He was loosing.” Perfect indicative • Present state resulting from past action “He is loosed,” or “He has loosed” Pluperfect indicative • Past