CHAPTER 16（第十六章）.pdf

CHAPTER 16 DEEP FOUNDATION II: BEHAVIOR OF LATERALLY LOADED VERTICAL AND BATTER PILES 16.1 INTRODUCTION When a soil of low bearing capacity extends to a considerable depth, piles are generally used to transmit vertical and lateral loads to the surrounding soil media . Piles that are used under tall chimneys, television towers, high rise buildings, high retaining walls, offshore structures, etc. are normally subjected to high lateral loads. These piles or pile groups should resist not only vertical movements but also lateral movements . The requirements for a satisfactory foundation are, 1. The vertical settlement or the horizontal movement should not exceed an acceptable maximum value, 2. There must not be failure by yield of the surrounding soil or the pile material. Vertical piles are used in foundations to take normally vertical loads and small lateral loads. When the horizontal load per pile exceeds the value suitable for vertical piles, batter piles are used in combination with vertical piles. Batter piles are also called inclined piles or raker piles. The degree of batter, is the angle made by the pile with the vertical, may up to 30°. If the lateral load acts on the pile in the direction of batter, it is called an in-batter or negative batter pile. If the lateral load acts in the direction opposite to that of the batter, it is called an out-batter or positive batter pile. Fig. 16. la shows the two types of batter piles. Extensive theoretical and experimental investigation has been conducted on single vertical piles subjected to lateral loads by many investigators. Generalized solutions for laterally loaded vertical piles are given by Matlock and Reese (1960). The effect of vertical loads in addition to lateral loads has been evaluated by Davisson