Current transformers (C CR Magnetics（电流互感器(C CR磁学）.pdf

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS An Analysis of Ratio and Phase Angle Error Current transformers (C.T.’s) are basically of two general types - those that are used for overcurrent, relay protection applications and those that are used for metering applications. In protection applications one is concerned about the performance and errors of the C.T. when fault currents occur and under normal conditions the C.T. errors are of no concern. On the other hand metering applications errors are of concern under normal conditions and not of concern when faulted or abnormal conditions occur. In the first case, the C.T. is usually operating in magnetic saturation. The equivalent circuit for a C.T. for either application however is the same. The parameters of the circuits however, are different by design. This is an approach to determine error involved when C.T.’s are to be used for metering applications. The error of particular concern is the phase shift which occurs across the C.T. under steady state conditions. The equivalent circuit is shown below _ I R jx l R jx l _ 1 1 1 1 :a 2 2 Ib _ I M Z _ M E2 Zb = Rb +jx b to external load Figure 1 where R , R , and R are the resistances of the primary, secondary and the total burden on the transformer 1 2 b (i.e. lead resistance plus metering load) respectively. It is not necessary to be concerned about R1 and leakage inductan