Dental Radiography（口腔放射学）.pptx

Dental Radiography;Introduction;Discovery;Terms;Radiation;Types of Radiation;Parts of an X-Ray Machine;Three Steps in X-Ray Production;Hazards;Radiation Protection;Radiation Protection Continued;Protection Standards;Continued;Quantity and Quality;X-Ray Photons;Photon Action Upon Atoms. (1) Photon collision with the nucleus of an atom. The photon may strike the nucleus of an atom. If this occurs, the atom will be destroyed and the photon will release or expend its energy. See figure. ;(2) A direct photon hit upon an electron by a photon. The photon may strike an electron with a direct hit. This action will result in the release of the photons energy, transferring its energy to the electron. The electron will be dislodged from its shell. When an electron is dislodged in this manner, it is called a photo-electron. The dislodged or departing electron (now a photo-electron) will have energy to ionize or strike other electrons. This is a form of scattered/secondary radiation, as noted earlier in the text. ;(3) An indirect photon hit upon an electron. The photon may strike one of the orbiting electrons with a glancing blow, dislodging the electron from its shell. By striking a glancing blow, the photon will still possess energy and go on to strike other electrons. The dislodged electron becomes a photon-electron and will have energy itself. It, too, may strike and dislodge other electrons. This is also a form of scattered/secondary radiation. ;Photon Action;Harmful Effects;Types of Films;Continued;Automatic Processor ;Faulty Radiographs;Radiographic Landmarks;Exposure Techniques;Bisecting and Paralleling Techniques