基于特征河长及扩散波动力方程对Muskingum法理论探析.docVIP

基于特征河长及扩散波动力方程对Muskingum法理论探析摘要：为了探索特征河长、扩散波动力方程和Mmuskingum法槽蓄方程三者间的关系，根据水力学和水文学原理，以扩散波动力方程为基础，通过建立河段槽蓄方程，证明了Muskingum法槽蓄方程是扩散波动力方程的一阶近似以及流量比重系数X无量纲性的重要意义；在对特征河长概念外延的基础上，提出了利用AutoCAD绘图软件确定特征河长的新方法，并以两条河流的相关数据为依据进行了实际操作，结果表明，该方法具有操作简单，直观，适应性强，精度好等优点；同时推导出特征河长与X值之间的关系，并分析了不同X值对应的水位流量关系特点及河道断面特征，证明了特征河长、Mmuskingum法槽蓄方程与扩散波动力方程三者联系的纽带是其皆能反映附加比降对河道流量的作用；最后基于不同的假设，给出了计算X的3种公式，得到了不同河流的X值与其河段长L无关，但随计算空间步长、河底比降的增大而增大，随河道糙率和稳定流流量的增大而减小等重要结论。 Abstract: It is proved that the storage equation of Muskingum method was one-order approximation of the diffusion wave equation by establishing the storage equation of river based on the principle of hydraulics and Hydrology . A new approach according to the extension of concept of characteristic river length was proposed to determine the characteristics of long river by the AtuoCAD , and applied to two rivers cases, the results indicated that the approach is simple, visable，high-accuracy, adaptable and high efficiency. In addation, the discharge cross section and stage discharge curve were analyed within the limits of X ,which was calculated by using the relationships between characteristic river length and practical river length, the correlations between the characteristic river length，storage equation of the Muskingum method and the diffusion wave equation were given.Three X formulas were derived by different hypotheses,the results showed that X increased obviously with increacing of slope and space interval，and decreased with increacing of coefficient of roughness and constant flow rate. 关键词：特征河长；扩散波动力方程；Muskingum槽蓄方程；X；理论探讨 Key words： characteristic river length；diffusion wave equation；storage equation of Muskingum method；parameter X；theoretical studies 中图分类号：TV131.3文献标识码：A 文章编号： 早在17世纪，人们就开始了对水流演算数学方法的研究，并不断地发展着，1871年，Bare′de Saint-Venant建立了非恒定流一维分析的理论基础，由于其求解的复杂性，后来出现了许多简化的水流演算方法[1]，Muskingum法水流演算就是其中之一，它具有算法简单，便于程序化，易于稳定，适宜大尺度等优点[2]，进而得到了很多学者的广泛使用，并对其理论基础[3-6]和参数估计方法[7-8]等问题做了大量的研究，但是目前对特征河长、扩散波动力方程、Muskingum法三者联系方面