Hydrogen Embrittlement Heat Treat Doctor（氢脆热治疗的医生）.pdfVIP

Hydrogen Embrittlement by: Daniel H. Herring Although many of the most severe hydrogen ® “The Heat Treat Doctor” , President embrittlement problems have occurred in The HERRING GROUP, Inc. P.O. Box 884 aircraft applications, it should be remembered Elmhurst, IL 60126-0884 USA “that it doesn’t have to fly in order to die”. Embrittlement is a phenomenon that causes loss of ductility in a material, thus making it brittle. There are a number of different forms including: •Environmentally Induced Cracking. •Stress Corrosion Cracking. •Hydrogen Embrittlement. •Corrosion Fatigue. •Liquid Metal Embrittlement. Of these, hydrogen embrittlement is responsible for a surprising number of delayed failures and problems with products produced from wire, especially if they undergo secondary processing operations such as plating. The factors (see Figure 1) responsible for this type of failure include having a susceptible material, an environment conductive to attack and the presence Fig. 1 — Factors contributing to of stress (internal or applied). Once two of these three hydrogen embrittlement. factors are present, failure is inevitable. How Hydrogen Gets In Hydrogen embrittlement is also known as hydrogen It is generally agreed that hydrogen, in atomic form, induced cracking or hydrogen attack. Materials that will enter and diffuse through a metal surface whether are most vulnerable include high-strength steels, ti- at elevated temperatures or ambient temperature. tanium and aluminum alloys and electrolytic tough Once absorbed, dissolved hydrogen may be present pitch copper. Hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms