中国城再生水安全回用农业的对策研究.DOC

中国城市再生水安全回用农业的对策研究 师荣光1,2，刘凤枝1，赵玉杰1，邵志慧3，沈 跃1，蔡彦明1，郑向群1，周启星2 （1农业部环境保护科研监测所，天津 300191；2南开大学环境科学与工程学院，天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室unicipal Wastewater in Agriculture in China SHI Rong-guang1, 2, LIU Feng-zhi1, ZHAO Yu-jie1, SHAO Zhi-hui3, SHEN Yue1, CAI Yan-ming1, ZHENG Xiang-qun1, ZHOU Qi-xing2 (1Agro-environmental Protecting Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191; 2Tianjin Key Laborator of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071; 3Hubei Eco-Agricultural Environmental Protection Station, Wuhan 430070) Abstract：Water resources heavily short in China. At the same time, water is also deficient in agriculture. Reclaimed municipal wastewater that satisfied with relative irrigation standard can alleviate the deficiency of water in agriculture. Because of the complex sources of municipal wastewater, there are multifarious pollutants in municipal wastewater. In Unsuitabe utilization of wastewater can make potential risks to agricultural environment, agricultural products safety and human health. This paper introduced the status of utilization of municipal wastewater in agriculture. In addition, it discussed the problem of human health and environmental pollution that may be resulted from reclaimed municipal wastewater for agricultural use. Based on these discussions, this paper gives some countermeasures and advices for safe agricultural use of reclaimed municipal wastewater. Key words: Reclaimed municipal wastewater; Agricultural use; Safety; Countermeasure 0 引言 中国是一个水资源极度短缺的国家，人均水资源占有量仅为世界平均水平的1/4，居世界第88位，是世界13个贫水国之一。在中国，农业是用水大户，全国用水量中，农业用水占到很大的比重根据水利部2004年水资源公报，中国水资源总消耗量为3 001 ×108 m3，其中农业耗水2 311×108 m3，占77.0%。近年来，由于工业和城市生活用水量的激增和水体污染的日益加剧，造成中国农业用水供需矛盾日益突出。水资源的短缺已成为限制中国农业发展的主要因素之一。解决农业水资源短缺的关键，一方面是加大节水灌溉，另一方面则应开辟非常规水源，加大对污水的再生利用。城市污水是水量稳定、供给可靠的一种潜在水资源，其经过适当处理，达到农业回用标准后，可以在很大程度上缓解农业水资源的紧缺状况，降低由于缺水造成的农业生产损失，具有显著的经济效益深远的社会效益[1,2]。世界上很多国家，如美国、以色列等都把城市再生水