Metal Castings Elsevier（金属铸件爱思唯尔）.pdfVIP

3 Metal Castings Introduction Foundries are a fascinating cross between Danté’s Inferno and a wonderland of lost components. They offer considerable technical opportunity to an inquisitive architect or engineer. Casting is an affordable route for the reintroduction of craft into the building industry, in the form of a reliable and repeatable manufactur- ing process, which is based on the skill of the die or pattern maker, the inven- tiveness of the architect/engineer, and the expertise of the foundry. Castings are a good example of the application of batch production, to match the particular requirements of a building project. The typical tensile strength of cast iron used in the first half of the nineteenth century was less than 100 N/mm2. Figure 3.2 (supplied by Dr Nieswaag of TU Delft) shows how this had increased to over 1400 N/mm2 the 1980s, via key advances in metallurgy. The casting process, linked to rigorous quality control Table 3.1 Material properties of stainless steel Property Value Density 8000 kg/m3 Young’s modulus 195 t /190 l kN/mm2 Thermal conductivity 15 W/m°C –5 Co-efficient of thermal expansion 1.6 10 per °C Corrosion resistance Excellent Melting point 1425°C Recyclability Excellent * 3 Primary embodied energy 150 GJ/m * Data supplied by BRE.