Pressure drop in pipes adpf（在管道压降 adpf）.pdfVIP

Pressure drop in pipes PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS Pressure drop or head loss, occurs in all piping systems because of elevation changes, turbulence caused by abrupt changes in direction, and friction within the pipe and fittings. The most common methods used to determine the head loss in fiberglass pipe are Hazen-Williams, Manning and Darcy-Weisbach equations. The suitability of each method depends on the type of flow (gravity or pumped) and the level of accuracy required. Due to the smooth inside surface and the resistance to corrosion, ADPF fiber glass pipes have a relatively low head loss as compared to other material pipes. See Pressure loss versus flow rate curves. Hazen-Williams Equation The Hazen-Williams Equation is applicable to water pipes under conditions of full turbulent flow. It has gained wide acceptance in the water and wastewater industries because of its simplicity. v = 0.85 C R0.63 J0.54 where, v = velocity, m/s C = Hazen-Williams Coefficient R = Hydraulic mean radius, m J = Hydraulic gradient, m/m Hazen-William coefficient, C for ADPF fiber glass pipe is taken as 150. Manning Equation The Manning equation typically solves gravity flow problems where the pipe is only partially full and is under the influence of an elevation head only. v = (1/n) R0.667 J0.5 where, v = velocity, m/s n = Manning’s Coefficient R = Hydraulic mean radius, m J = Hydraulic gradient, m/m Manning’s Coefficient, n for ADPF fiber glass pipe is taken as 0.01 Darcy-Weisbach Equation It states that pressure drop is proportional to the square of the velocity and the length of the pipe. This equation is valid for all fluids in both laminar and turbulent flow. The disadvantage is that the Darcy- Weisbach friction factor is a variable. J = ( f.L.v²)/2.g.D where, J = Head loss, m g = Gravity constant, 9.81 m/s² v = Velocity, m/s D = Inside diameter, m f = Friction factor L = Length of