复合句译法1.ppt

翻译理论与实践 英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(9) 英语复合句的译法 英语复合句的译法 1、定语从句的译法 2、状语从句的译法 3、主语从句的译法 4、表语从句的译法 5、宾语从句的译法 试译以下句子： 1. He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 2. In English, attributive clauses are used extensively, some of which are very long and complicated in structure. 3. He insisted on building another house which he had no use for. 4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old. 试译以下句子： 1. He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 2. In English, attributive clauses are used extensively, some of which are very long and complicated in structure. 在英语中，定语从句的使用极为广泛，有的定语从句很长而且结构复杂。 3. He insisted on building another house which he had no use for. 他坚持再建一座他不用的房子。× 他坚持再建一座房，这房他不用。× 他虽自己不用，但仍坚持再建一座房。 尽管他并没有这样的需要，仍坚持再建一座房子。 他坚持再建一座房子，尽管他并无此需要。 4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old. 他记不得他才三岁时死去的父亲。× 他三岁丧父，所以不记得他的父亲了。 他才三岁父亲就去世了，所以不记得父亲的模样了。 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。 一) 定语从句的译法: 英语定语从句的结构有简有繁，对先行词的限制有强有弱；而汉语里没有类似英语定语从句的结构，因此汉译时需灵活处理。 1) 一般说来，限定性定语从句(尤其是简短的定语从句)多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词。 To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。 再如： I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided. 我只有一盏指路明灯。 Law offers us our best hope of overcoming the differences that prevail the world. 法律使我们对克服世界上的分歧有了最大的希望。 Let me try： 1. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。 Let me try： I am deeply touched by the warm and friendly words the President has just addressed to me. 刚才主席对我所说的热情友好的话使我深受感动。 2）一些结构比较复杂，或意义上有较强独立性的限制性定语从句，通常译成后置的并列分句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所替代的词，有时可在此词前加指示词 “这” 、“这些” 等： 例如： There was a law in the city of Athens which gave to its citizens the power of compelling their daughters to marry whomever they pleased. 从前雅典有一条法律，法律规定该市市民高兴把自己的女儿嫁给谁，就有权强迫她嫁