定语从句和先行词分隔和其翻译.doc

定语从句与先行词分隔及其翻译 通常，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后，但在具体的运用中，往往也出现有定语从句与先行词被分隔的现象。本文就定语从句与先行词分隔的种种情况、分隔的原因及其汉译进行探讨。 一、定语从句与先行词分隔的形式 1被谓语分隔，例如： Many forms of apparatus have been devised by which a more accurate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained．人们已经设计出许多医疗器械，通过这些医疗器械，可以对血压有一个更为精确的了解。 Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by the originality of his works．来参观的人几乎无一不对他的作品的创造性留下深刻印象。 2被非从句定语分隔，例如： Singapore is at the start of a long road，already well trodden in the west，that leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes．新加坡眼下正踏上一条西方国家早已走了很远的漫长道路，即最终建立收容所和休养院来解决问题。 Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before？这难道不就意味着，鱼儿很快就可能学会避开那些它们常见的鱼钩上的食物吗？ 3被状语分隔，例如： Never say anything behind a persons back that you wouldnt say to his face．当面不愿说的话，千万不要在背后说。 I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result．我记得曾在一家椅子厂见过六个工人，他们的工作是将几根钢管弯曲并组成一把折椅。 Tem perature plays the same part in the flow of heat that pressure does in the flow of fluids．温度在热的传导中所起的作用和压力在液体的流动中所起的作用相同。 4被补语分隔，例如： The cook turned pale，and asked the housemaid to shut the door，who asked Brittles，who asked the tinker，who pretended not to hear．厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布立特尔关，布立特尔又叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠装着没听见。 5被同位语分隔，例如：One was a violent thunderstorm ，the worst I had ever seen，which obscured my objective．有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 6被插入语分隔，例如： Is there anyone you can think of who may know which hospital he was sent to？你能不能想到有谁可能知道他被送往哪一家医院了？◎ 二、从句与先行词分隔的原因 ： （1）为了保持句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，将定语从句与先行词分隔，例如：Mr．Leon said in the future，computer would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket．利昂先生说，将来会生产出小得可以放在口袋里的计算机。 （2）为了突出或强调主句中的主谓结构所表达的意义，将定语从句与先行词分隔，例如：Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries，who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective governments．中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国，以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定。