英文-氨基酸与肽.pptVIP

Biochemistry Amino Acids andPeptides Amino Acids Amino acid: a compound that contains both an amino group and a carboxyl group ?-Amino acid: an amino acid in which the amino group is on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group although ?-amino acids are commonly written in the unionized form, they are more properly written in the zwitterion (internal salt) form 问题 蛋白质氨基酸的构型是什么样的？ Chirality of Amino Acids With the exception of glycine, all protein-derived amino acids have at least one stereocenter (the ?-carbon) and are chiral the vast majority of ?-amino acids have the L-configuration at the ?-carbon Chirality of Amino Acids Comparison of the stereochemistry of alanine and glyceraldehyde (Fischer projection formulas) 蛋白质氨基酸分类问题 1.蛋白质氨基酸有哪些非极性侧链基团？（5-8） 2.蛋白质氨基酸有哪些极性侧链基团？（5-9） 3.蛋白质氨基酸有哪些酸性侧链基团？（5-10） 4.蛋白质氨基酸有哪些碱性侧链基团？（5-11） 1. 在哪些蛋白质中发现以下修饰氨基酸？?-羧基谷氨酸 、5-羟赖氨酸、4-羟哺氨酸、O-磷酸丝氨酸、甲状腺素？（5-13） 20 Protein-Derived AA 20 Protein-Derived AA 20 Protein-Derived AA 20 Protein-Derived AA 20 Protein-Derived AA Note these structural features 1. All 20 are ?-amino acids 2. For 19 of the 20, the ?-amino group is primary; for proline, it is secondary 3. With the exception of glycine, the a-carbon of each is a stereocenter 4. Isoleucine and threonine contain a second stereocenter 5. The sulfhydryl group (pKa 8.3) of cysteine, the imidazole group (pKa 6.0) of histidine, and the phenolic hydroxyl (pKa 10.1) of phenylalanine are partially ionized at pH 7.0, but the ionic form is not the major form at this pH Uncommon Amino Acids Each example is derived from a common amino acid by the modification shown in color hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline are found only in a few connective tissues such as collagen thyroxine is found only in the thyroid gland Ionization of Amino Acids Titration of Amino Acids Figure (a) Titration of alanine with NaOH Titration of Amino Acids Figure (b) Titration of histidine with NaOH 氨基