Chapter 3 纯流体热力学性质计算(Part A).pdf

Chapter 3 纯流体热力学性质计算 Calculations of Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Fluids (Part A) Why Should We Study Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids? Numerical values for thermodynamic properties are essential to the calculation of heat and work quantities for industrial processes: See 1 2 Chapter 4 ws h  u  gz  q 2 In this equation the difference between initial and final values of enthalpy are not known and must be calculated from pVT and heat-capacity data of the system. 化工热力学解决问题的基本方法 Problem Definition and Modeling Application of Thermodynamic Laws and Mathematical Reasoning Evaluation of Thermodynamic Property Data(U, H, S, A, G, etc.) Purposes 1. Developing from the first and second laws of thermodynamics the fundamental thermodynamic property relations that underline the mathematical structure of thermodynamics. 2. Deriving from the fundamental thermodynamic property relations equations that allow calculation of the values of enthalpy, H, and entropy, S, from PVT and heat-capacity data of the system. 3.1 热力学关系式 流体热力学性质主要包括T，p ，V，U，H ，S ，A 和G 。 理解和掌握这些性质之间存在的热力学关系式，对于建立流 体热力学性质计算公式十分必要。 热力学基本方程( Fundamental Thermodynamic Equations ) 热力学 关系式 Maxwell’s关系式( Maxwell’s Relations ) 3.1.1 热力学基本方程 对于纯流体或组成恒定的均相混合流体，其热力学性质之 间存在以下关系 d(nU ) Td(nS )  p d(nV ) d(nH ) Td(nS )  (nV )dp d(nA) (nS )dT  p d(nV ) d