《计算机专业英语》The History and Future of Computers.pdf

Computer English Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers Key points: Key points: useful terms and definitions useful terms and definitions of computers of computers Difficult points: Difficult points: describing the features of describing the features of computers of each generation computers of each generation Requirements: Requirements: 1. The trends of computer hardware and software 2. Basic characteristics of modern computers 3. Major characteristics of the four generations of modern computers 4. 了解科技英语的特点，掌握科技英语翻译要点 1.1 The Invention of the Computer New Words Expressions: computerlike a. 计算机似的 electromechanical a. 机电的, 电机的 vacuum tubes 真空管 Census Bureau 人口普查局 thousands of 成千上万的 known as 通常所说的，以……著称 Abbreviations: ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) 电子数字积分计算机，ENIAC计算机 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) 延迟存储电子自动计算机 BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) 二进制自动计算机 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机 1.1 The Invention of the Computer It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose. 很难确切地说现代计算机是什么时候发明的。从20世纪30年代到40年 代，制造了许多类似计算机的机器。但是这些机器大部分没有今天我们所 说的计算机的所有特征。这些特性是：机器是电子的，具有储存的程序, 而且是通用的。 1.1 The Invention of the Computer One of the first computerlike devices was developed in Germany by Konrad Zuse in 1941. Called the Z3, it was general-purpose, stored- program machine with many electronic parts, bu