Diff：对一个向量中的连续元素求微分.DOC

实习二 滤波器设计 本次实习内容主要包括以下三部分内容，目的是通过matlab滤波器设计函数的使用，了解IIR和FIR滤波器的设计及特性，明白信号滤波前后的变化原因，简单了解matlab仿真模块中信号分析与处理的使用，完成系统仿真和直观显示信号波形，更好地学习和理解信号分析与处理的相关理论。 一、了解以下有关滤波器设计函数 1、IIR滤波器设计（巴特沃斯滤波器、切比雪夫滤波器I型和II型） （1）buttord [n,Wn] = buttord(Wp,Ws,Rp,Rs) [n,Wn] = buttord(Wp,Ws,Rp,Rs,s) 例1 For data sampled at 1000 Hz, design a lowpass filter with less than 3 dB of ripple in the passband, defined from 0 to 40 Hz, and at least 60 dB of attenuation in the stopband, defined from 150 Hz to the Nyquist frequency (500 Hz). Plot the filters frequency response: 实现代码： Wp = 40/500; Ws = 150/500; [n,Wn] = buttord(Wp,Ws,3,60) [b,a] = butter(n,Wn); freqz(b,a,512,1000); % Frequency response of filter title(n=5 Butterworth Lowpass Filter) 例2 Next design a bandpass filter with passband of 60 Hz to 200 Hz, with less than 3 dB of ripple in the passband, and 40 dB attenuation in the stopbands that are 50 Hz wide on both sides of the passband: 实现代码： Wp = [60 200]/500; Ws = [50 250]/500; Rp = 3; Rs = 40; [n,Wn] = buttord(Wp,Ws,Rp,Rs) [b,a] = butter(n,Wn); freqz(b,a,128,1000) title(n=16 Butterworth Bandpass Filter) （2）butter：Butterworth analog and digital filter design 使用语法： [z,p,k] = butter(n,Wn) [z,p,k] = butter(n,Wn,ftype) [b,a] = butter(n,Wn) [b,a] = butter(n,Wn,ftype) [A,B,C,D] = butter(n,Wn) [A,B,C,D] = butter(n,Wn,ftype) [z,p,k] = butter(n,Wn,s) [z,p,k] = butter(n,Wn,ftype,s) [b,a] = butter(n,Wn,s) [b,a] = butter(n,Wn,ftype,s) [A,B,C,D] = butter(n,Wn,s) [A,B,C,D] = butter(n,Wn,ftype,s) 例1 Highpass Filter For data sampled at 1000 Hz, design a 9th-order highpass Butterworth filter with cutoff frequency of 300 Hz, which corresponds to a normalized value of 0.6: 实现代码： [z,p,k] = butter(9,300/500,high); [sos,g] = zp2sos(z,p,k); % Convert to SOS（二阶因子）form Hd = dfilt.df2tsos(sos,g); % Create a dfilt object h = fvtool(Hd); % Plot magnitude response set(h,Analysis,freq) % Display frequency response （3）cheb1ord：Chebyshev Type I filter order 使用语法： [n,Wp] = cheb1ord(Wp,Ws,Rp,Rs) [n,Wp